Kureiskaya recluse

Turukhansk region was one of the wildest places of the Russian Empire. Starting at 400 miles from Yeniseisk, he stretched up to the Arctic Ocean. A huge, covered with taiga and tundra to the north of the area was virtually deserted. Only on the banks of the Yenisei River, a distance of 20-40 miles from each other, huddled village, referred to herein as machines. Villages were small - in the more populated areas are numbered houses dvad - tsat - tridiat, and to the north and did two or three court. Roads, except for the river, no: in the summer traveled by water, the ice in the winter, spring and autumn - in any way. The main head of the exiles, there was a police officer Kibirov, translated from the Baku- so to speak, news from the homeland.
Took a week and a half journey from St. Petersburg to Krasnoyarsk, where the exiled arrived July 11. To do the other fifteen hundred miles, it took a month, and only 10 of August they arrived in the ... They sailed along the Yenisei - the other way, except for the river, there was not, on the banks - the cordons. Do not run away.

This time, it was difficult for the Joseph. The Revolution had come to nothing, and no recovery was not expected. If the foreign Central Committee members indulged in a familiar virtual- political activities that they are quite satisfied, then the practitioners who worked in Russia, it was not easy. Indirectly on the state of mind of Joseph can be judged by his photographs of the time. If in 1908 upon us with a photo looks energetic, with a proud head carriage man, then two years later, the picture is different: he slouches, looks tired, and it is clear that he supports the person will only. His disillusionment with the party leadership and the general political tone of the work of the letters said - ...
Relations with the exiles, too, is not very evolved. Judging from the fragmentary, but eloquent testimony, a small intelligentsia community has developed in Turukhansk region, which was also the psychological climate is not easy, he did not find understanding. Everything went wrong from the start.
... From whom had to wait for a more interesting, in-depth coverage of all events in the distant, long ago abandoned in Russia, but from a member of the Bolshevik Central Committee? . M. Sverdlov and Philip (Zakharov. - E. P. ), Worked at this time in the village Monastery... There just had to come to Stalin. Dubrovinsky (one of the exiles familiar with Stalin, just before drowning in the Yenisei. - E. P. ) Was no longer living.

Philip was not inclined by nature to create idols besides heard by an impartial evaluation of all Dubrovinsky the then prominent leaders of the revolution, without much enthusiasm awaited the arrival of Stalin, Sverdlov, in contrast, has been trying to do everything possible under the circumstances, to meet Stalin potorzhestvennee. Prepared for him a separate room from the very scarce resources in store a certain amount of victuals... Arrived! . Report on the situation in Russia, he never did. Sverdlov was very confused ...
Well that is what it is - Joseph was a man of sharp and, for European notions, not too well-mannered. If people liked it, liked it, and if not, he could be rude - but never, incidentally, does not allow himself to open rudeness, in contrast to the same Trotsky. He was tired of the way, was depressed in spirit and did not tend to any communication.
It was the most severe reference in his life. Of course, he never ceased to hope for escape, but being an experienced underground worker, knew how difficult it is to run away. He understood, and more - for him, a southerner, but still sick with tuberculosis, likely a reference to depart and return to live was not so much. On top of all this Joseph had to deal with the present needs. Other exiles could at least make physical labor, but with his left hand half of the current and tuberculosis was not possible. No, it's hard it did before, but it is difficult to have never had.
Biographers of Stalin sometimes surprised, sometimes skeptically noted that this was a phenomenally unselfish people. In the 1990s, many commentators (not historians!) Looked for evidence that this is all a lie, a mask, which in fact he was greedy for money - well, so wanted to fasten the whole world to his own wretched notions of happiness - but the evidence . From the early years this man has always been poor, and poor absolutely, to the point of things was only that it wears. Yes, he is a professional revolutionary, was on the content of the party, and it should have been content to give any money to live, but it somehow never had nothing - no home, no money, no clothes, even excess. In 1908 Shaumyan wrote: ... Where did he did with the money received from the party or could earn? . He was in Gori, his mother, whom he loved immensely. Evidence that Koba helped his mother, has not survived, but has not been preserved, and evidence that he did not. Ekaterina Dzhugashvili, which was straight and no one was afraid to such an extent that in the mid -1920s when crowds directly asked his son whether his hands the royal blood, and so, she did not say a word about the son of reproach, . Incidentally, in 1929, he wrote to his mother: ... But it says the head of state, who could settle himself, and though it to settle in the Winter Palace!.
So, Joseph determined to live first in Miroediha machine, and then, after two weeks - in Kostino. From there, he writes and writes desperate letters asking for help. Immediately upon arrival in Krakow Zinoviev: ... Did you get a letter from the road? . It is necessary to recover. send money. If my assistance is needed, please, come at once. ... By the way, is October 1 of the Central Committee decided to organize the escape Dzhugashvili and Sverdlov, and the allocation of this $ 100. But the money Yeshe had to deliver in Monastery - once they come. And then, it's not a life and to escape.
November 10, Joseph wrote to St. Petersburg his good friend T. A. Slavutinskoy. ... Somewhat ashamed to write, but what can you do - makes the need. I do not have a penny. All supplies come. There have been some money, but went to the warm clothes, shoes and supplies, which are terribly expensive. While More trust in the credit, but what will happen, really, I do not know... Is it possible to stir up friends and get RUR 20 - 30? . And the sooner the better, because the winter is in our midst (yesterday was 33 degrees cold). And the wood is not purchased in sufficient quantity, the stock of the outcome. I hope that if you want, get me. So, for the cause, my dear. And then the ' Caucasian with Kalashnikov Exchange ' and look to be gone. ...
The following letter - absolutely stunning document. In the meantime, he received a parcel from St. Petersburg. We can only guess what the words contained in the cover letter, how much human warmth has been invested in them, because the normally reserved and seemingly apologetic for all of their requests, Joseph said to them in an explosion of emotions, which would be difficult to expect from this person. So, on November 12 he writes: ... But I did not ask you the new clothes, I only asked his old, and you have bought new, used up, yet, sorry, the money you have very little. I do not know how to repay you, dear. My dear - my dear ... From this letter, if properly understood, without the psychological distortions about the obsequious nature of the tyrant, see only one thing - how Kobe did not have severe simple human compassion, and how open he is wholeheartedly responded to every good word. Yes, there are friends - but it's a professional, if you will, business relationships, and heat, then the missing. No wonder after a relative of Alliluev, of the family, in which he found refuge in St. Petersburg, says: ... ...
A little later he turned to a desperate plea Malinowski: ... Awkward to write something to you, but you have to. It seems never experienced such a terrible situation. The money all went out, started a suspicious cough due to efforts frost (37 degrees cold), the general state of painful, no inventory no bread, no sugar, no meat, kerosene ( all the money spent on regular expenses and attire with shoes . And no reserves are all expensive: rye bread 4 cop. Pound, kerosene 15 kopecks. , Meat, 18 kopecks. And sugar 25 kopecks. Need milk, you need wood, but... the money, no money, my friend. I do not know how to spend the winter in this state... I do not have rich relatives or friends, I am positive no one to turn and I turn to you, and not only to you - and the sense of Petrovskii, and Badaeva. My request is that if the Social Democratic faction is still ' The Foundation of the repressed ', let it cut, or bureau of the best will only help me to at least 60 rubles. Give my request Chkheidze and say that it is also asking to take to heart my request, I beg him not only as a countryman, but mainly as chairman of the faction. If there is no longer such a fund, it may be, you invent something that works together. I understand that all of you, and you especially - no time, no time, but, damn me damn it, no one to treat more. A okolet here without writing even one letter to you - you do not want. The point is the need to organize today, and the money sent by telegraph. Because the wait for the next - so hungry, and I'm so exhausted and sick. ... You can imagine what would have doused tub disturbance comrades Trotsky in his place!.
At the end of November in the Monastery, ... But the money was sent to the Sverdlov and Djugashvili decided that the party is going to organize an escape him alone. He later wrote: ... Andrew got them, but I think that they belong to him and him alone ... Why is he so thought, what basis he had for believing that the party only one of the two Russian members of the Central Committee? . An indirect confirmation of that at the time he was not at her for them, even as a member of the Central Committee, may serve as letters of Lenin and Zinoviev Karpinsky, dated 1915 year and contain totally unexpected request: ... n. ) The name ... ? . It is very important! ...
So, probably, the reason for such scruples with respect to the Sverdlov he had.
In January, Joseph really got the money, a total of 135 rubles, but the police captain Turukhan Kibirov immediately stripped of his official government benefits, as having ...
Trapped in the far north, he lost heart and began to drink, as they say. He was still studying. Around this time some asks Dzhugashvili Belinsky in France, a member of the ... He was obviously going to devote time to link the study of foreign languages. By the way, but then he made only one in my life ... Angered by Phillip Zakharov went to him to understand, but he said he met him as a tsarist general ordinary soldier. However, Philip, according to given memories of his wife, Stalin did not like and went to him is clearly not with the good sense - so it probably just ran into an adequate response.
Some time on arrival, Joseph lived in the machine Miroediha, where there was a small community of exiles, but soon moved to the village Kostino. Nearby ( otnositelno! ), in the village Selivaniha, exile Sverdlov, who was joined by Philip Goloshchekin. Then Kibirov ... The fact that the plans of the Central Committee was fully informed member of Malinowski, who was an agent provocateur, and worked for the secret police, and, of course, everything is known about the impending escape. After receiving a warning Kibirev translated Dzhugashvili Sverdlov and 180 miles north of the Arctic Circle, the machine Kureika, and even put his two guards to them.
LEFT Sverdlov, Stalin was.
In. Yaroslavl: ... But then Sverdlov, with whom he lived in the house Taraseevyh, it was not a friend. After a while Yakov fled from him to another apartment, and a year later made ​​the translation to the village Monastery, whence he wrote to his wife that Dzhugashvili unbearable to live with him is impossible. Anfisa Stepanovna Taraseeva told Cheburkin:.
- They have lived with Jacob unharmonious. Sometimes much swearing '.
A. Mikoyan: ... In order not to be on duty at a time in the kitchen, it is specially made ​​meal inedible. ...
and. Khrushchev, ... Actually, there was a do- nothing, because we have not worked and lived on the money that gave out the treasury: for three rubles a month. Another party of us helped. Mainly we are hunted by the fact that salmon caught. A large degree this was not required. Also went on the hunt. I had a dog, I named it Yashka '. Of course, it was unpleasant Sverdlov, he and the dog Yasha Yasha. ' Well, - said Stalin - Sverdlov, used to wash after dinner spoons and plates, but I never did. We sing, put the plates on the earthen floor, the dog lick everything, and everything is clean. And he was Chistyulya '. We looked at each other again. We are who have passed - the peasant, who - working school and were not iznezheny some special service. But not to wash a spoon, a bowl or cup, from which you eat? .
F. Volkov: ... In order not to be on duty at a time in the kitchen, making dinner, Stalin specifically inedible. Sometimes he took away a plate of soup at the Sverdlov. Naturally, this led to protests I. M. Sverdlov. To this is added weight, roughness and the nature of. Stalin and his intolerance of other. Apparently, they were inflamed to such an extent that persuaded Stalin exiled criminals, I am organizing an attempt on. M. Sverdlov, and they rushed at him with a knife. Spas exile Boris Ivanov. He, being a man of great strength, in an attack on criminals I. M. Sverdlov, grabbed a heavy bench and unleashed it on the head forwards. Those fleeing in panic '.

Kureika - just a tiny village. At that time there were 8 houses, inhabited by 67 people: 38 males and 29 females, that is for 8-9 people in the house. Local people, mostly Ostyaks, engaged in hunting and fishing, among them there was no competent.
First, the exiles were living in one house, which means decent relations between them. But soon parted, so much so, that did not communicate with each other. What happened? . Nikita a lot of things porasskazal - and the fact that Stalin was at the beginning of the war a week with fright at the cottage sat, and the fact that he fought on the globe, and they are all members of the Politburo only ... By the way, the dog 's name was not Stalin's Yasha, and Tishka... As for the criminal history of assault, which dispersed the miraculous power instantly jumps to 200 kilometers an exile Ivanov, its author - the same Mr. Volkov, who conversed with the spirit of the Molotov. Well, the person works for supernatural phenomena, he has such a specialized....
Sverdlov wrote to his wife shared the same words: ... The guy is good, but too much of an individualist in everyday life. I am also a supporter of minimal order. On this basis, sometimes nervous, ... This was written in March. And in May - June, went for some other letter: ... ... ... And then, again, his wife: ... Companion, with whom we were there, was in such a personal attitude that we are not talking and did not see ... Petrograd worker Boris Ivanov, also a former exile in Turukhansk region, recalled that Sverdlov told him: ... ...
Alexander Ostrovsky suggests that the blame habit spoiled by his mother to Dzhugashvili housekeeping. But do not forget that before many years he lived alone, without family, and it is unlikely that there was always someone who has served his. Unable to live alone and do not learn basic home use, and there is nothing more was required.
In the general, which was not only the versions. But it may be all the easier? . Sverdlov, by his own admission, had a fair ... Moreover, that state of mind he then was not the best - cut off from the world, unsure of himself, that he needed and that he is remembered, and the uncertain future, because it is entirely dependent on the money that was so . In addition, he was ill, and one of the manifestations of tuberculosis - irritability. It's not necessary to search for some special reason, you need to do everyday dissimilarity of character, irritability and temper Joseph, Sverdlov resentment - and the conflict is ready!.
Whatever it was, they began to live separately, and soon Sverdlov made ​​the translation back to the Monastery and disappeared from Kureyka. A few exiles and criminals moved away. Joseph was a. More precisely, with the peasants and the guard Laletin.
To the guard, they are also not ... A large, red-bearded and pushy Laletin immensely irritated exile. Once he was nearly beaten by guards. The peasants - to think, much to his delight, witnessed a remarkable scene of a house, where lodging exile, afraid of the guard jumped out, waving his sword in front of him, began to move back to the Yenisei, and was advancing on him, fists clenched, Joseph. It turned out that day because he did not go outside, the guards decided to check whether this house, and did so in a peculiar way unceremoniously. Presumably, this was not only a hassle, because the police captain was soon replaced by another guard Laletina, M. A. Merzlyakov, in his own words Kibireva, ... The new guard was a man not harmful, and the ratio was adjusted.
Normal relations were established with farmers. Joseph was quite able to keep its economy not rich. Money was never enough, in 1915, in a letter abroad, he habitually refers to: ... I can tell you that no one here did not have to live so unenviable as here. And why do you ask? .
But the friends he wrote a very different. At all times corresponded with Joseph links Alliluyev and kept asking him not to spend money. ... - Thank you. I ask only one thing - do not spend more on me: you need money by. I'll be happy and yet, if from time to time will be sent an open letter to the views of nature, etc.. In this region the nature of the cursed outrageously scarce and summer river, winter snow, that is all that makes this nature - and I'm longing for the kinds of nonsense nature, at least on paper ... With rare conscientiousness, he shared something that has the right - and as a member of the Central Committee, he had an unquestionable right to the aid of the party, and the goodwill of friends who are not obliged to help. With that, he himself, when Alliluev left the Caucasus for St. Petersburg, gave him money without any request on his part.
It was necessary to survive, and Joseph began to live the same life as the local. Soon he learned to catch fish, go on fishing in the summer on the islands had built a hut, procure fish for the future. In the winter he always stood in the ice fishing tackle. He learned to hunt and. He, like exile, forbidden to use a gun, so it was a trick - the neighbors left the gun in the woods at the appointed place, and Joseph took away it from there and went on the hunt. Fox shooting, hitting a bird. It was not a whim, not entertainment citizen - so he was fed.
Once Joseph had nearly died the usual death of a Siberian - nearly froze to death in a blizzard. In winter, the fish were caught this way: Tackle lowered into the hole, and then checked their. Hole sometimes done for several miles, the road marking landmarks. And once again, making sure tackles, Joseph threw a bunch of fish on the shoulder and went home. But as he walked, climbed blizzard veshek was not seen. A snowstorm in the north, such that even the local people used to freeze a hundred meters from accommodation. Throw a fish? . And he continued to go. And still there was no housing and no. Can get lost? .
And then he heard voices ahead. Joseph cried. But the voices were gone immediately, and again he is a. Force end, but not to stop, cold chills to the bone. And then, when almost nothing to be hoped, he smelled smoke, heard the dog barking - at last the village!.
Entering the house, he collapsed exhausted on the bench.
- Osip, are you? .
- Of course, I. Leshakov not the same!.
Well, Leshakov - not Leshakov, but it turned out that the neighbors fishermen saw him, but took over the water....
After the fishing, Joseph slept eighteen hours. But then it turned out that all turned out in unexpected ways for the better. The cold and the exertion of all powers were healing - after this story tubercular process in the lungs stopped.
Sometimes it seems unnecessary cruelty that, unlike other exiles Joseph one left to serve time in the deserted village. After all, here translated as Sverdlov, just parrot a few months stay in the machine. But this can be found a few unexpected explanation may Dzhugashvili that did not ask. Relationship with the exiled intellectuals had been difficult, he clearly felt himself a stranger among them. But unlike the intellectuals and peasants, Joseph lived together, as can be seen on many small things, at least by the fact that he hid the gun in the forest that gave the dog... He participated in their feasts, singing songs, making a ... Sometimes sang Georgian, but rarely. The children generally do with it what they wanted. It is at this link for the first time to really learn the Russian people - not the intelligentsia, workers are not the big cities, but the real people, deep, original, learned and loved all my life, to such an extent that he began to consider themselves Russian. Once his son Vasily under a lot of great secrecy, he said his adopted brother, Artem, ... ...
WHAT'S GIRL came out with Lida?.
Was Kureyka one more problem, hot Caucasian - serious. The fact that there were few women - less than men, and there were widows, to which you can walk at night, and after an affair with a married wife, in Siberia, with its simple manners, and you can get the ax on the head. Then Joseph, it is almost well established, went to live with a young peasant Perepryginoy Lida, who was at that time 14 years. It seems that she had two children by him. The first baby died, the second, Alexander, was still alive. Leaving from exile, Joseph, and forgot all about her and the baby. Later Pereprygina Lida married a peasant, who adopted a boy. He grew up, learned, participated in the war, was promoted to major, then worked in Krasnoyarsk, and died in 1967. At a high affinity, he never claimed.
Joseph Dzhugashvili was never an ascetic, and even ridiculous to blame the young for a big guy with women. But here it is not a woman, but a young girl. In his life it has happened twice, both times in this novel, followed by a lawful marriage. Even his second wife, Nadya Alliluyeva was still not fourteen, and seventeen. That is, if it is a monster, it 's all clear, a monster - he is a monster, and if he shot the people millions, then why not to sleep with girls. However, neither before nor after Joseph's child molestation nobody blamed. So, what happened with Lida Perepryginoy?.
Recently, a note was declassified KGB Chairman and. A. Serov, composed by him in 1956 about the ... An employee was sent to Siberia, at the same time excavated and added to his report and history with Lida, however, it messed up everything that is possible and proving that even an employee of both studied the history of the native party, he did not know the biography of the leader. ... In. Stalin, being in Kureyka, seduced her at age 14 and began to cohabit. In this regard, and. In. Stalin was summoned to the gendarme Laletin for criminal responsibility for co-existence with a minor. As told in May. Mr.. Perelygina, it is about 1913. a baby who died. In 1914,. second child was born, which was named for Alexander. At the end of Stalin moved reference. And she was forced to marry a local farmer Davydov, who fathered a boy who was born Alexandra ...
On the one hand, it is quite a convincing document - how the KGB was! . First, it confused the name of a peasant, which, according to the document, the originator (not General Serov, of course, but some of his men ) interviewed in person. In addition, it states that the first child was born in 1913, but, sorry, Stalin came to Kureika only in the spring of 1914, so that the child from him by no means could have been born before 1915. But the employee, of course, did not deign to check. So much for the all-knowing ...
The story is all rather strange. In this village, as the machine Kureika, to hide whatever it was absolutely impossible - here everyone knows everything about everyone. During the seduction of a young girl in Siberia, too, could enjoy an ax and, moreover, that the girl had five brothers. But Joseph is not married Lida and does not require a transfer from Kureyka, though much in this case the bailiff hastened to remove his ... In contrast, around June 1914, he openly goes to live with Perepryginym without any fear of brothers Lida (father and mother they were not, the family had five brothers and two sisters ).
No, something 's wrong here. Clearly, General Serov, who never belonged to the truth-seekers in 1956 would not be interested in the inconsistencies of the case, although one could try to install at least the date of birth of Leda and her sons. But why? .
There is a version, however, that explains everything. Stalin and Sverdlov were not the only exiles in Kureyka. In addition to them in the spring of 1914 there were several criminals, who also needed a woman, and that's really criminal public in either age or innocence is never embarrassed. By the way, just in the spring of 1914 he granted Kureika Kibirov police officer, the chief of Turukhansk region, then all of the criminal machine cleaned. Much more likely, and time-bound, and psychological nuances that Lida seduced just a criminal, and her first child was away. In this case, and the visit of the police officer was acquitted, and that the criminal immediately removed from the machine, because this is the case when the axes are even able to go to the course. But the girl... in this case, the moral of the Caucasian is not recognized by any obligations to the men, and brothers - Siberians have no moral right to demand very much married.
As for the second child of Lida, Stalin from him and refused. ... From Alliluevs to know about it? .
Severyanin.
How was the life works of Joseph in Kureyka, preserved evidence of the Faith Schweitzer, wife of Souren Spandarian. These people were the closest of his friends in Turukhansk link, and certainly they who have never complained about the ... So, she writes: ... It was necessary to resolve a number of issues related to what was happening when the trial of the Bolshevik faction of the Duma and the inner- works.
Those were the days merged into a single night with an endless polar night, pierced by cruel frost. We raced to the dogs without a stop along the Yenisei. Raced under the endless howling of wolves.
That Kureika... We have been happy with Joseph, warm welcome. Our unexpected arrival of Joseph was extremely pleased. He showed great concern for us. We went into the house. A small square room, in one corner - a wooden cot, neatly covered with a thin blanket in front of fishing and hunting gear, the network, the touchstone, the hooks. All this made ​​the Stalin. Near the window, oblong table covered with books, hanging over the table oil lamp. Middle of the room a small oven -' stove ', with an iron pipe that extends into the vestibule. The room is warm, caring owner prepared a lot of firewood for the winter. We do not have time to take off her clothes warm polar, as Joseph had disappeared. A few minutes passed, and he appeared again.
Joseph went from the river and carried on the shoulders of great sturgeon. Suren hastened to meet him, and they brought the house trehpudovuyu live fish.
- In my hole a little fish are not caught - Stalin joked, admiring the handsome sturgeon.
It turns out that an experienced fisherman always kept in the Yenisei your fishing rod ( rope with a big hook for catching fish). Sturgeon barely placed on the table. Suren and I held him, and Joseph deftly gutting huge fish. At the table struck up a conversation.
- Heard from Russia, what news? .
Suren told everything he knew about the war, the work of the underground organizations, the relationship with foreign countries. Especially for a long time there was talk about the war. When Suren told details about the trial of the Duma faction, and the betrayal of Kamenev, Stalin said Suren:.

- This man can not be trusted - Kamenev able to betray the revolution ... And it looked like in the water!.
From time to time myself, Joseph came to the Monastery, on a visit or for mail, and always came to visit friends. But by March 1916 Spandaryanu, who was so ill, it was really bad. He sent a deputy of the Duma Papadzhanovu a letter to intercede on his transfer to another, the best place on climate. Appointed a medical examination that took place in May. Doctors have found a running Spandarian form of tuberculosis, and in August he was released from the eternal settlement with permission to reside, except in the capitals and major cities. He was able to resolve the permit at least in the Winter Palace, it would not change anything - September 11, Suren Spandaryan died in Krasnoyarsk. The fate of an exile from which managed to escape Dzhugashvili, overtook his friend.
In October 1916 the Government published the disposal of the appeal of administrative exile for military service, which was a great folly, for revolutionaries only dream about the opportunity to work in the army.
It was only then discovered that Joseph was unfit for military service because of the impaired hand. And since the return trip would take two months, and before the end of reference was four, he was allowed to serve out the remainder term in Achinsk, because for him to escape was obviously made ​​no sense. Before the victory of the February Revolution remained a week.
March 2, Nicholas II abdicated. On the same day from the capital to Achinsk left a telegram: ... Achinsk. MP Muranovo. Everything in the hands of the people. The soldiers, the Provisional Government, Bureau of. prisons are empty. The ministers were arrested, the Empress is protected by our. Our Kronstadt, a neighborhood adjacent to and Moscow ... The same day came the order to release the exiled members of the State Duma. March 14 an issue of ... Joseph Stalin was Dzhugashvili, and as it turned out, forever.
That Siberian exile was a watershed moment for the man in another sense. Svetlana Alliluyeva recalled: ... I do not know any Georgian who have so forgotten their national traits, and so much love to all Russian. Even in Siberia, Russia 's father fell in love for real: the people and language, and nature... He has always maintained this love ...